Chapter 8 drugs affecting the gastrointestinal system. Antithrombotic drugs used to treat thrombosis include antiplatelet drugs, which inhibit platelet activation or aggregation. Apr 21, 20 hemorrhage is the main concerning adverse event with all anticoagulants. Heparin was the initial anticoagulant developed and used in clinical care. Drugs used in disorders of coagulation, in basic and clinical pharmacology, katzung, b. It is a racemic mixture of two optically active isomers r and s in equal proportion. View and download powerpoint presentations on classification of anticoagulants ppt. A new group of oral anticoagulants has emerged in the marketplace with a wide range of indications, creating more options for clinicians, but also more challenges in drug and patient selection. Blood coagulation and anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and. Understanding of the pharmacology of thrombolytics, anticoagulants, and antiplatelets is critical to performing safe and effective endovascular therapy for acute ischemic therapy. Blood coagulation and anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antiplatelet drugs. Set 1 powerpoint links collected from the website of.
Kd tripathi essentials of pharmacology free download pdf. Download free pharmacology powerpoint templates and themes. Xiia xii thromboplastin xia xi ixa ix viia xa x factors affected by heparin prothrombin vit. Pharmacologyanticoagulants wikibooks, open books for an. In the fields of medicine, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Overview of the coagulation cascade and the targets of action for different novel oral anticoagulant agents.
Coagulants, anticoagulants authorstream presentation. These drugs are prescribed to patients to treat and prevent a variety of diseases and conditions dvt, pulmonary embolism, blood clot during atrial fibrillation. The first drugs designed to inhibit platelets or coagulation factors, such as the antiplatelet clopidogrel and the anticoagulant warfarin, significantly reduced the risk of thrombotic events at the. Dscontinue drug administration a dminister vitamin k 1 phytonadione and freshfrozen plasma or factor ix concentrates konyne80 and proplex which contained prothrombin complex. Basic pharmacology anticoagulants limit the ability of the blood to clot venous thrombosis fibrin rich antiplatelet drugs limit the migration or aggregation of platelets arterial thrombosis platelet rich thrombolytics fibrinolytics drugs act to dissolve clots after they. Pharmacology hematologic drugs free download as powerpoint presentation. You can use these pharmacology ppt in your projects and presentations. Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are drugs that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. This book demonstrates that various expertise are essential for drug discovery including synthetic or natural drugs, clinical pharmacology, receptor identification, drug metabolism, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research. Principles of pharmacology, drug absorption and distribution, drug elimination and multiple dosing, clinical pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, pharmacogenomics, drug toxicity, pharmacodynamics, drugs discovery and clinical trials. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics lecture notes provides a clear overview of all the key prescribing topics needed for medical finals and beyond. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
These drugs are used to treat strokes, myocardial infarctions, pulmonary embolisms. Warfarin is used as prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in atrisk patients. Each type works at a different level on the blood coagulation pathway. No much effect on aptt than heparin less antiplatelet actionless thrombocytopenia less. Dabigatran is a selective, competitive, direct inhibitor of thrombin factor iia while. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about classification of anticoagulants ppt. When taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, follow the instructions your doctors instructions and call your doctor if you miss a. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Chapter 10 anticoagulant, anti platelet, and thrombolytic drugs. Anticoagulant drugs is the property of its rightful. Example of naturally obtained anticoagulant is heparin while synthetically derived are warfarin, sodium citrate etc.
Plateletaggregation inhibition is not significant until after approximately 4 days of regular dosing. In older patients presenting to an emergency department with a warfarin adverse drug event, about half required hospitalization. Common side effects of these drugs are bruises, diarrhea, fever, intestinal gas, and headache. Blood must remain fluid within the vasculature and yet clot quickly when exposed to subendothelial surfaces at sites of vascular injury. Common drug drug interactions are shown in table 3. Guidelines for the use of oral anticoagulants cha 2 ds 2vasc score, see january c et al reference are based on various risk factors congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, history of stroke, vascular disease, and sex. Chapter 11 drugs for disorders of connective tissue and the musculoskeletal system. However, the pharmacology of these new drugs is not homogeneous. Antiplatelet drugs and oral anticoagulants are examples of antithrombotic medications and are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in both primary and secondary care. The focus of this chapter is on elements of anticoagulant clinical pharmacology that are important for anesthesiologists to understand. If youre new here, you may want to subscribe to our rss feed. Special attention should be given to patients needing a combination of an oral anticoagulant and an antiplatelet agent and efforts should be made to improve patients education to prevent them taking nonprescribed drugs.
Due to their mechanism of action, the new oral anticoagulants are named direct oral anticoagulants doacs. Antithrombotic drugs, which include antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies, prevent and treat many cardiovascular disorders and, as such, are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. Classification of anticoagulant drugs drug group sub groups route name of drugs 1 indirect thrombin inhibitors unfractionated heparin iv, sc heparin low molecular weight heparins lmwh sc enoxaparin, dalteparin, tinzaparin heparinoid sc danaparoid 2 direct thrombin inhibitors oral dabigatran, ximelagatran iv,sc hirudin, lepirudin, bivalirudin. Clinical pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs ischemic heart disease there are 35 risk factors for. Pharmacology and mechanisms of action of new oral anticoagulants. Clinical pharmacology of oral anticoagulants in patients.
Warfarin is the oral anticoagulant with which clinicians have the most experience. Apr 17, 2017 pharmacology of anticoagulants, antiplatelets 1. One advantage of subscribing to rss feeds is that you dont have to constantly revisit this site to check for updates within specific sections you might be interested in because your browser or feed reader will do this for you automatically on a regular basis plus you can even get email. The risks and side effects of these drugs can be serious. From this group of drugs, warfarin is the drug of choice. Goodman and gilmans manual of pharmacology and therapeutics, 2e hilaldandan r, brunton ll. This can result in either inadequate or excessive drug concentrations. Anticoagulation drugs represent a rapidly expanding field, with many novel agents in various stages of testing and approval. Specifically, antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation clumping together, whereas anticoagulants inhibit specific pathways of the coagulation cascade, which. Indications for anticoagulant and antiplatelet combined. Easily compare tier status for drugs in the same class when considering an alternative drug for your patient. Under normal circumstances, a delicate balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis prevents both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Update on pharmacology of antiplatelets, anticoagulants.
Anticoagulants can be obtained naturally or derived synthetically. Its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pkpd properties are shown in tables 1 and 2. Files are presented courtesy of the respective instructors, used with permission. Weitz blood coagulation and anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antiplatelet drugs. Pharmacology is a broad discipline encompassing every aspect of the study of drugs, including their discovery and development and the testing of their action in the body. This is a ten question anticoagulant drugs quiz, one which is based off the content of this summary. For over 50 years, unfractionated heparin ufh and vitamin k antagonists vkas had been the primary anticoagulants prescribed in practice. Chapter 34 this version has been changed compared to the one made available on wednesday april 26 sorry. Brahma department of pharmacology neigrihms, shillong. With their ubiquitous use, it becomes important for clinicians to have a sound understanding of anticoagulant pharmacology, dosing, and toxicity. Department of pharmacology university of michigan medical school mode of action of antiplatelet agents ticlopidine ticlid platelet inhibition is irreversible.
Ppt anticoagulant drugs powerpoint presentation free to. Of these clotting factors, thrombin iia and activated factor x xa are believed to play the most critical role in hemostasis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Anticoagulant, antithrombotic and antiplatelet drugs free download as powerpoint presentation. Apr 22, 2020 new oral anticoagulant drugs realworld data. Anticoagulant drugs pharmacology education project. The drugs used to inhibit thrombosis and to limit abnormal bleeding are the subjects of this chapter. Anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and antiplatelet drugs katzung 9th ed.
Anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and antiplatelet drugs. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs clinical pharmacology. Pharmacology hematologic drugs coagulation bleeding. Anticoagulants are medicines that increase the time it takes for blood to clot. Anticoagulant effect dependent on two considerations partially inhibited synthesis of the four vitamin kdependent clotting factors and naltered degradation rates of these factors.
It is vital for the clinician who uses any of these anticoagulants to have a basic understanding of their pharmacology. Customize your medscape account with the health plans you accept, so that the information you need is saved and ready every time you look up a drug on our site or in the medscape app. Choose from 500 different sets of anticoagulant drugs pharmacology anticoagulants flashcards on quizlet. View coagulant and anticoagulant drugs ppts online, safely and virusfree. Risk of bleeding is dependent on the class of anticoagulant agent used, patients age, and preexisting health conditions. There are two main classes of anticoagulant drugs oral and injectable. Anticoagulants drugs that help prevent the clotting coagulation of blood. Now we will share a download link for this book with you. Download pharmacology powerpoint lectures download free online book chm pdf. Anticoagulants are the cornerstone therapy for thrombosis prevention and treatment. Critical facts if med school is a minnesota forest with millions of trees, these are the red pines 1. New oral anticoagulants noac watag guidelines scgh ed cme. In 1979, several groups were working toward the identification of the specific sequence of monosaccharides in heparin with high affinity for antithrombin at lindahl et al.
Spoken mistake in the first minute of the video the oldest drug on this video is heparin, not warfarin. Ivmscv pharmacology drugs affecting the blood authorstream. The drugs used in clotting and bleeding disorders fall into 2 major groups. Anticoagulant therapy principles and practice of hospital. Apr 17, 2020 evaluation in various clinical trials new oral anticoagulant drugs noads have been vigorously evaluated in various largescale clinical trials. Anticoagulants are drugs that treat blood clots, and help prevent blood clot formation in the veins and arteries.
Anticoagulant drugs prevent or delay formation of clot in the ec, and many methods are used with variability in the quality of evidence supporting their success and safety. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant and thrombolytic drugs at. Drug drug interactions and their effects on pharmacokinetics the pharmacokinetics of a drug can be modified considerably by concomitant medications. There are several different types of anticoagulant.
The major classes of anticoagulant drugs have distinctly different mechanisms of action, routes. Anticoagulants are usually administered to patients with myocardial infarction, venous thrombosis, peripheral arterial emboli and pulmonary emboli. Anticoagulants, thrombolytics agents and antiplatelet drugs. Intrinsic pathway extrinsic pathway tissue injury blood vessel injury recall. This slide lists the various drugs that have been reported to interact with and potentate warfarin the strength of the evidence is shown in the left hand column with level i being strongest and level iv the weakest based on the study design of the report. This book aims to explain how scientists unravel the many different ways medicines work in the body and how this information guides the hunt for drugs of the future. Ian baldwin, in critical care nephrology third edition, 2019. While anticoagulants are commonly employed, their use is often associated with adverse drug events and increased readmission rates.
Some concomitant drugs may enhance the antithrombotic response, such as antiplatelet or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Classification of antiplatelet drugs drug group sub groups route name of drugs 1 irreversible cox inhibitor oral aspirin low dose 2 adp receptor blockers p2y thienopyridines oral clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine, ticagrelor 3 glycoprotein iibiiia inhibitors monoclonal antibody iv abciximab peptide inhibitors iv eptifibatide, tirofiban 4. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Pharmacology 120 julie cordts instructor pharmacology powerpoint lectures all lessons will open in a new browser window allowing easy access to this menu.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Anticoagulant, antithrombotic and antiplatelet drugs. Learn anticoagulant drugs pharmacology anticoagulants with free interactive flashcards. It is also a valuable tool for clinicians providing a description of the mode of action and management of therapy for anticoagulant drugs used in daily clinical practice in different clinical settings, including direct oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban. Anticoagulant, antithrombotic and anti platelet drugs. Polymorphisms in vitamin k epoxide reductase gene and.
Dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban are oral anticoagulants which are alternatives to warfarin. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, e brunton ll, hilaldandan r, knollmann bc. Blood 2anticoagulant and procoagulant drugs authorstream. Pdf pharmacology and mechanisms of action of new oral. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs classification anticoagulants parenteral heparin ufh lmwh enoxaparin tinzaparin dalteparin certoparin heparinoids danaparoid hirudins lepirudin bivalirudin pentasaccharide idraparinux fondaparinux oral warfarin acenocoumarole nicoumalone phenindione factor xa inhibitors rivaroxaban. Ppt pharmacology powerpoint presentation free to view. Ppt anticoagulant drugs powerpoint presentation free. Anticoagulant medications have served as the principle therapy to prevent thrombosis for a variety of cardiovascular diseases over many years. Abnormal physiologic vitamin k control loop hereditary oral anticoagulant resistance most serious interaction. Kd tripathi essentials of pharmacology free download pdf 7th edition kd tripathi essentials of pharmacology is the best basic book for pharmacology, its a must have to pass your second professional examination, although some students go for shanbag too, its also quite good, but it doesnt makeclear your concepts. A power point presentation on the fundamentals of anticoagulant drugs suitable for ug level medical students. Pharmacology or therapeutics lectures download book. Blood coagulation and anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antiplatelet.